Prometheus Certified Associate (PCA) Exam Notes #
This is my learning notes for the PCA certification & free practice resources
Exam Overview #
The Prometheus Certified Associate (PCA) is an entry-level certification offered by the CNCF / Linux Foundation. It validates foundational knowledge of observability and skills using Prometheus.
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| 颁发机构 | CNCF / Linux Foundation |
| 费用 | $250 USD(含 1 次免费补考) |
| 题型 | 60 道选择题,在线远程监考 |
| 时长 | 90 分钟 |
| 及格线 | 70% |
| 难度 | 入门级(Entry-level),无需先决证书 |
| 适合人群 | SRE、DevOps Engineer、Developer,Kubernetes/微服务从业者 |
没有完全免费的 Prometheus 证书。 PCA 是唯一官方认证,但备考资源大多免费,且 CNCF 经常提供折扣码。
Exam Objectives #
| Domain | Weight | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|
| PromQL | 28% | Selecting Data Rates and Derivatives Aggregating over time Aggregating over dimensions Binary operators Histograms Timestamp Metrics |
| Prometheus Fundamentals | 20% | System Architecture Configuration and Scraping Understanding Prometheus Limitations Data Model and Labels Exposition Format |
| Alerting & Dashboarding | 18% | Dashboarding basics Configuring Alerting rules Understand and Use Alertmanager Alerting basics (when, what, and why) |
| Observability Concepts | 18% | Metrics Understand logs and events Tracing and Spans Push vs Pull Service Discovery Basics of SLOs, SLAs, and SLIs |
| Instrumentation and Exporters | 16% | Client Libraries Instrumentation Exporters Structuring and naming metrics |
以上为 PCA 最新官方考纲(Curriculum)。PromQL 占比最高(28%),是备考重点;新考纲新增 Observability Concepts(可观测性概念)领域,涵盖 SLO/SLA/SLI 基础。
Killercoda & Interactive Tutorials #
Killercoda 没有专门的 Prometheus 官方场景,以下为相关替代方案:
| 来源 | 场景 | 链接 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 社区 (gathecageorge) | Micro Services Monitoring | Killercoda | Prometheus + Grafana + Loki + Promtail 全套监控实战 |
| Thanos 官方 | Thanos Quick Tutorial | Killercoda | Thanos 是 Prometheus 的高可用/长期存储方案,涉及 Prometheus 配置 |
| Grafana Labs | Grafana Labs Tutorials | GitHub | 以 Grafana 为主,涉及 Prometheus 数据源配置 |
| Killercoda | K8s Playground | Killercoda | 在 K8s 环境中手动部署 kube-prometheus-stack 练习 |
Prometheus 在 Killercoda 无专属场景,替代方案是用 K8s Playground 自行部署 Prometheus 练习。
Free Hands-on Practice Platforms #
| Platform | 方式 | 链接 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Docker Compose Demo | 本地一键启动 | Docker-Compose-Prometheus-and-Grafana | Prometheus + Grafana + node_exporter 全套 |
| Play with K8s | 在线 K8s 环境 | labs.play-with-k8s.com | 免费 K8s 集群,手动安装 Prometheus |
| PromLabs | 官方团队出品 | training.promlabs.com | 部分免费培训模块 |
| Robust Perception | 免费入门课程 | teachable.com | Prometheus 核心团队成员主讲 |
Free Preparation Resources #
| Resource | Type | Link | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNCF GitLab 备考仓库 | 题库 + 大纲 | gitlab.com/cncf-exams | 官方出品,含模拟题与考纲 |
| SecByte 免费练习题 | 模拟题 + 解析 | learn.secbyte.org | 10+ 道免费模拟题 |
| PromLabs | 培训模块 | training.promlabs.com | 部分免费 |
| Prometheus 官方文档 | 文档 | prometheus.io/docs | 最权威的备考资料 |
| PromQL Cheatsheet | 速查表 | promlabs.com | PromQL 语法速查 |
| Robust Perception | 免费课程 | teachable.com | 入门课程 |
免费模拟题示例
Q1: Which metric type is best suited for tracking HTTP requests received?
A. Gauge B. Counter C. Histogram D. Summary
Answer: B. Counter — 单调递增计数器,适合累计事件计数。
Q2: What is the default port for the Prometheus server web UI?
A. 8080 B. 9090 C. 3000 D. 9100
Answer: B. 9090 — 9100 是 node_exporter 的默认端口。
Q3: Which expression returns the 95th percentile of HTTP request duration over 5m?
A. quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds[5m]))
B. histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
C. p95(http_request_duration_seconds[5m])
D. percentile(0.95, http_request_duration_seconds)
Answer: B — 必须从 Histogram 的 _bucket 指标用 histogram_quantile 计算。
A. Gauge B. Counter C. Histogram D. Summary
Answer: B. Counter — 单调递增计数器,适合累计事件计数。
Q2: What is the default port for the Prometheus server web UI?
A. 8080 B. 9090 C. 3000 D. 9100
Answer: B. 9090 — 9100 是 node_exporter 的默认端口。
Q3: Which expression returns the 95th percentile of HTTP request duration over 5m?
A. quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds[5m]))
B. histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
C. p95(http_request_duration_seconds[5m])
D. percentile(0.95, http_request_duration_seconds)
Answer: B — 必须从 Histogram 的 _bucket 指标用 histogram_quantile 计算。
How to Save Money #
| 方法 | 说明 | 折扣力度 |
|---|---|---|
| CNCF 折扣码 | KubeCon / Black Friday / CNCF 活动期间发放 | 最高 60% off(约 $100) |
| CNCF Scholarship | 面向特定群体(学生、欠代表群体)的免费考试机会 | 免费 |
| Linux Foundation 捆绑 | Exam + THRIVE-ONE 年度订阅 | 含无限培训课程访问 |
| 关注渠道 | CNCF Twitter、订阅 CNCF Newsletter | 及时获取折扣通知 |
Learning Path #
Concepts Hands-on Mock Exam Certification
│ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Official Killercoda / SecByte / PCA Exam
Docs Docker Compose CNCF GitLab ($250, 90min)
PromLabs Demo Practice Q&A 70% pass
Play with K8s
- 打基础:通读 Prometheus 官方文档 + Robust Perception 免费课程
- 动手练: Docker Compose Demo 本地启动 → Killercoda K8s 环境部署
- 刷题: CNCF GitLab 备考仓库 + SecByte 免费练习题
- 考证:关注 CNCF 折扣码,折扣期间报名 PCA 考试
Questions #
- PCA 考试是否需要实操环境?—— 不需要,纯选择题(区别于 CKA/CKAD 的实操考试)
- PCA 证书有效期多久?—— CNCF 证书有效期 2 年
- PCA 与 CKA 的关系?—— 独立证书,无依赖关系;PCA 侧重可观测性,CKA 侧重 K8s 运维
Reference #
How to ace the PCA exam - CNCF Blog
SecByte Free Practice Questions
Prometheus Docs, PromQL Cheatsheet